2014年考研英语二(2014考研英语二阅读text3真题及答案)

Text 3

The concept of man versus machineis at least as old as the industrial revolution, but this phenomenon tends tobe most acutely felt during economic downturns and fragile recoveries. And yet,it would be a mistake to think we are right now simply experiencing the painfulside of a boom and bust cycle. Certain jobs have gone away for eating up humanjobs, this phenomenon will continue to restructure our economy in ways we can’timmediately foresee.

When there is exponential improvement in theprice and performance of technology, jobs that were once thought to be immunefrom automation suddenly become threatened. This argument has attracted a lotof attention, via the success of the book Race Against the Machine, byErik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee, whoboth hail from MITs Center for Digital Business.

Centerfor Digital Business.

This is a powerful argument, and a scaryone. And yet, John Hagel, auther of The power of pull and other books, saysBrynjolfsson and McAfee miss the reason why these jobs are so vulnerable totechnology in the first place.

Hagel says we have designed jobs in the U.S.that tend to be “tightly scripted” and “highly standardized” ones that leave noroom for “individual initiative or creativity.” In short, these are the typesof jobs that machines can perform much better at than human beings. That is howwe have put a giant target sign on the backs of American workers, Hagel says.

It’s time to reinvent the formula for howwork is conducted, since we are still relying on a very 20th centurynotion of work, Hagel says. In our rapidly changing economy, we more than everneed people in the workplace who can take initiative and exercise theirimagination “to respond to unexpected events.” That’s not something machinesare good at. They are designed to perform very predictable activities.

As Hagel notes, Brynjolfsson and McAfeeindeed touched on this point in their book. We need to reframe race against themachine as race with the machine. In our works, we need to look at the ways inwhich machines can augment human labor rather than replace it. So then theproblem is not really about technology, but rather, “how do we innovate ourinstitutions and our work practices?”

31.According to the first paragraph, economic downturns would .

[A] easethe competition of man vs. machine

[B]highlight machines’ threat to human jobs

[C]provoke a painful technological revolution

[D]outmode our current economic structure

选B . 细节题，定位在第一句话The concept of man versus machine is at least as old as theindustrial revolution, but this phenomenon tends to be most acutely felt during economic downturnsand fragile recoveries.

对象是 man vs human 答案一定要讲到machine 与human jobs 排除C D.

AB 正好相反，选B .

文章说现象在经济衰退和脆弱复苏是更加急剧。选B

32. Theauthors of Race Against the Machine argue that .

[A]technology is diminishing man’s job opportunities

[B]automation is accelerating technological development

[C]certain jobs will remain intact after automation

[D] manwill finally win the race against machine

选A. 细节题，容易，

答案定位在第一句：When there is exponential improvement in the price and performanceof technology, jobs that were once thought to be immune from automationsuddenly become threatened.

段落话题是工作与自动化，机器的关系排除B D.

A C方向相反，一定选工作不利的选项选A.

33. Hagelargues that jobs in the U.S. are often .

[A]performed by innovative minds

[B]scripted with an individual style

[C]standardized without a clear target

[D]designed against human creativity

选D. 细节题，如果不仔细定位，容易出错，定位在第一句话：

对象是creativity ，而且与之相悖。

最大干扰项选C. 错在定位信息没有 clear target这个对象，

Target出现在第三句话中，也可以通过非定位信息排除法排除

Hagel says we have designed jobs in the U.S. that tend to be“tightly scripted” and “highly standardized” ones that leave no room for“individual initiative or creativity.”

34.According to the last paragraph, Brynjolfsson and McAfee discussed .

[A] thepredictability of machine behavior in practice

[B] theformula for how work is conducted efficiently

[C] theways machines replace human labor in modern times

[D]thenecessity of human involvement in the workplace

选D. 细节题，用排除法才能做对。不过正确选项和原文同义改写的不是很好。

定位在最后一句话：So then the problem is not really about technology, but rather, “howdo we innovate our institutions and our work practices?”,

作者否定了technology 排除A ,B

而C是rather than 后面的内容。

选D

35. Whichof the following could be the most appropriate title for text?

[A]How toInnovate Our Work Practices

[B]Machineswill Replace Human Labor

[C]Can WeWin the Race Against Machines

[D]EconomicDownturns Stimulate Innovations

选C . 主旨题，排除法做对，否则很容易做错。

文章主题 machine 排除A D .

剩下 B C,

排除B machine会代替人非文章观点。

————文章来源上海华是学院，里面有整套，这是我摘下来的一部分。

首先：完型。虽然英语一完型240-280个单词，英语二完型完型350个单词左右，这说明英语二已知信息要多于英语一完型，即：从理论上来看英语二完型的难度要低于英语一完型的难度，但是从历年得分情况来看，考英语二的同学在完型的平均分上相对于英语一同学并没有明显的提高。再加上完型向来是大部分考生熟悉又先天不足的弱项，所以13年考研[微博]在完型上同学们应该和历年一样分值不会有太大波动，基本上平均分徘徊在3-4分之间。

　第二：传统阅读。英语一和英语二在阅读命题思路上略有不一致，即：英语二有自己的命题特色：

　(1)比如像这种题型In thefollowing part immediately after this text, the author will most probably focuson______. (2010年 Text 2第30题)英语一一般不会出现;

　(2)在就是细节推理或判断题型，在很大程度上英语一也只是就某一段的并列或局部信息进行考察，所以应对策略就是跟原文逐个比对，认真一点即可。但是在做英二题的时候你会发现不仅考察局部信息还考察全局信息，有时跨越三、五个段落，所以相对较难。

　例如：2010年 Text1 第23题

　Which of the followingstatements is NOT true?

　[A]Sales of contemporaryart fell dramatically from 2007 to 2008.

　[B]The art market surpassedmany other industries in momentum。

　[C]The art marketgenerally went downward in various ways。

　[D]Some art dealers wereawaiting better chances to come。

　其中[A][B][C]三个选项跨越2、3、4三个段落，[D]选项是第五段。

　(3)从定位来看，英语一的题相对比较好定位，英语一基本上出题顺序即原文顺序，所以按照自然段落界定法加上关键词定位法，基本可以断定答案信息所在处。但英语二尤其在做2010年真题同学们总感觉答题很不顺手，尤其对于做了很多英语一真题的同学来说，感觉在定位的时候总有种跳来跳去的感觉，所以有些同学会认为英语二阅读当中一些题目甚至比英语一还难。但是如果在做2011、2012英二真题你会发现英语二命题思路和解题技巧基本上会和英语一差不多，这也是英语二同学觉得2011、2012年真题简单的原因。

　第三：阅读新题型。英语一倾向于考排序和七选五。英语二倾向于考搭配和标题匹配。从命题难度和考察点来看英语一新题型考一致性和连贯性，英二考细节判断，所以英语一新题型平均分4分是可以接受的，但英语二新题型平均分是可以达到6-8分，甚至是10分的。

　第四：翻译。英语一是平均长度38个单词左右的长难句，平均分3-4分，甚至一些同学把翻译看作是考场放弃的题型。而英二翻译是二到三个段落的翻译，平均分在10分左右，所以英语二翻译在很大程度上是个体力活。

　最后：作文。Part A部分英一和英二要求是一样的，但是大作文英一基本上是图画作文，且考察题材多样，英语二侧重于图表作文，考察题材相对较窄。通过历年分数来看小作文不论是英一还是英二都保持在7分左右，大作文英语一13分左右，英语二10分左右，分数还是比较理想的。

　综上所述，英语一从整个试卷难度来看高于英语二，所以无论是报考哪个区，无论是报考哪个专业，单就英语二新题型和翻译这两个模块比英语一简单很多来看，英语二总体得分应比英语一高10分左右。